When searching for the best Ariana Grande perfumes, most buyers seek a balance between unique scent profiles, longevity, and affordability. The Ariana Grande Cloud Eau de Parfum stands out as the overall favorite thanks to its warm, gourmand notes and long-lasting wear. For those wanting a sweeter, more playful fragrance, Sweet Like Candy offers an approachable scent at a great price, while Thank U, Next 2.0 appeals to fans of floral freshness. The main challenge is choosing between complex gourmand compositions and lighter, more wearable options. Continue reading for a detailed breakdown of what makes each perfume special and how they compare.
Key Takeaways
- The top perfumes balance longevity with distinctive scent profiles, often leaning into gourmand or floral musk blends.
- Price varies widely; the most luxurious picks tend to offer richer, more complex fragrances, but some affordable options still deliver great quality.
- Many perfumes share common notes like vanilla, raspberry, and musk, but the way they’re blended creates very different experiences.
- Choosing between a more playful, sweet scent and a sophisticated, long-lasting fragrance depends heavily on personal style and occasion.
- The fragrances with higher versatility tend to perform well across different settings, making them better suited for daily wear.
| Ariana Grande Love Notes Pink Woods Eau de Parfum | ![]() | Best Natural and Clean Formula | Type: Eau de Parfum | Fragrance Notes: Jasmine, Tonka, Cashmere Woods | Vegan: Yes | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ariana Grande MOD Vanilla Eau De Parfum – Gourmand Musk Fragrance for Women | ![]() | Best for Warm, Cozy Scents | Notes: Vanilla, Cocoa Butter, Plum, Jasmine, Orris, Praline | Type: Eau de Parfum | Intended Audience: Women | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ariana Grande Thank U, Next 2.0 Eau de Parfum – 1 Fl Oz | ![]() | Best for Fruity, Youthful Energy | Size: 1 Fl Oz | Type: Eau de Parfum | Brand: Ariana Grande | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ariana Grande Cloud Pink Eau de Parfum – Long Lasting Gourmand Musk Fragrance with Dragon Fruit, Vanilla Orchid, and Amber Woods | ![]() | Best for Elegant, Confident Everyday Wear | Size: 1.0 fl oz | Fragrance Type: Eau de Parfum | Collection: Cloud | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ariana Grande God is a Woman Eau de Parfum – Fruity Musk Fragrance for Women | ![]() | Best for Empowerment and Natural Inspiration | Top Notes: Ambrette, Juicy Pear | Mid Notes: Orris, Turkish Rose Petals | Base Notes: Madagascar Vanilla, Creamy Cedarwood | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ariana Grande Ari Eau de Parfum – Long Lasting Fragrance with Pear, Raspberry, and Vanilla Orchid | ![]() | Best Overall | Top Notes: Crispy Pear, Pink Grapefruit | Mid Notes: Juicy Raspberry, Soft Muguet, Rose Buds | Base Notes: Vanilla Orchid, Marshmallow, Creamy Musk, Blonde Woods | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ariana Grande R.E.M Eau de Parfum – Floral Musk Women’s Perfume – 3.4 Fl Oz | ![]() | Best for Daring, Long-Lasting Impact | Volume: 3.4 Fl Oz | Top Notes: quince, fig, salted caramel, marshmallow | Middle Notes: pear blossom, lavender blossom | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ariana Grande Cloud Eau de Parfum – Warm Gourmand Fragrance for Women | ![]() | Best for Cozy, Uplifting Days | Notes: Lavender, Pear, Bergamot, Coconut, Praline, Vanilla Orchid, Musk, Woods | Application: Pulse points (wrist, chest, neck) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown | |
| Ariana Grande Moonlight Eau de Parfum – Floral Gourmand Fragrance for Women | ![]() | Best for Elegant, Confident Evenings | Top Notes: Black Currant, Plum | Mid Notes: Marshmallow, Peony | Base Notes: Sandalwood, Black Amber, Vanilla | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ariana Grande Sweet Like Candy Eau De Parfum | ![]() | Best Playful, Seductive Fragrance | Top Notes: Blackberry, Bergamot, Pear | Mid Notes: Jasmine Sambac, Frangipani, Honeysuckle | Base Notes: Cassis, Marshmallow, Cashmere Woods, Vanilla | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ariana Grande perfume | Top Notes | Base Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ariana Grande Love Notes Pink | — | — |
| Ariana Grande MOD Vanilla Eau | — | — |
| Ariana Grande Thank U | — | — |
| Ariana Grande Cloud Pink Eau d | — | — |
| Ariana Grande God is a Woman E | Ambrette, Juicy Pear | Madagascar Vanilla, Creamy Cedarwood |
| Ariana Grande Ari Eau de Parfu | Crispy Pear, Pink Grapefruit | Vanilla Orchid, Marshmallow, Creamy Musk, Blonde Woods |
| Ariana Grande R.E.M Eau de Par | quince, fig, salted caramel, marshmallow | tonka bean, white musk, sandalwood |
| Ariana Grande Cloud Eau de Par | — | — |
| Ariana Grande Moonlight Eau de | Black Currant, Plum | Sandalwood, Black Amber, Vanilla |
| Ariana Grande Sweet Like Candy | Blackberry, Bergamot, Pear | Cassis, Marshmallow, Cashmere Woods, Vanilla |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Ariana Grande Love Notes Pink Woods Eau de Parfum
This fragrance stands out for its fresh, floral character, with notes of jasmine, tonka, and cashmere woods that create a delicate yet sophisticated aura. Compared to Ariana Grande Moonlight, which is more floral and gourmand, Pink Woods leans toward a clean, airy vibe perfect for everyday wear. Its vegan and cruelty-free composition adds to its appeal for eco-conscious buyers, although the lack of detailed longevity information makes it harder to judge how long it will last through a busy day. This pick makes the most sense for those seeking a fresh, natural scent that aligns with a cruelty-free lifestyle, but it might fall short for anyone wanting a more complex or long-lasting fragrance.
Pros:- Fresh, floral scent that feels light and airy
- Vegan and cruelty-free, aligning with ethical values
- Made with clean, non-toxic ingredients
Cons:- Limited information on how long the scent lasts
- No specific size or volume details available
Best for: Eco-conscious women who prefer fresh, clean scents for daily use
Not ideal for: Perfume enthusiasts looking for long-lasting or highly complex fragrances
- Type:Eau de Parfum
- Fragrance Notes:Jasmine, Tonka, Cashmere Woods
- Vegan:Yes
- Cruelty-Free:Yes
Our verdict“This perfume is ideal for those seeking a natural, cruelty-free fragrance for everyday freshness without long-term projection.”
Ariana Grande MOD Vanilla Eau De Parfum – Gourmand Musk Fragrance for Women
This option excels for those who love rich, gourmand fragrances, blending dark plum, vanilla, cocoa butter, and praline into a warm, inviting scent profile. When compared to Cloud Pink, which offers a softer, muskier sweetness, MOD Vanilla provides a deeper, more indulgent experience suited for cooler weather or evening wear. Its long-lasting nature makes it a strong choice for extended wear, though the sweetness may be overwhelming for those who prefer lighter or more subtle scents. This perfume makes the most sense for fans of gourmand, dessert-like fragrances who want a sophisticated, warming aroma, but it’s not ideal for hot days or those sensitive to overly sweet perfumes.
Pros:- Rich, warm gourmand scent with praline and cocoa notes
- Long-lasting performance that holds through the day
- Sophisticated blend of floral and fruity notes
Cons:- May be too sweet or overpowering in hot weather
- Could be considered too heavy for casual daytime use
Best for: Women who enjoy deep, gourmand scents with a luxurious feel
Not ideal for: Individuals seeking light, subtle fragrances for daytime or summer wear
- Notes:Vanilla, Cocoa Butter, Plum, Jasmine, Orris, Praline
- Type:Eau de Parfum
- Intended Audience:Women
Our verdict“Perfect for those who want a warm, indulgent fragrance that lasts, but less suitable for hot or casual environments.”
Ariana Grande Thank U, Next 2.0 Eau de Parfum – 1 Fl Oz
This fragrance is designed to energize and uplift with its fruity gourmand profile, featuring juicy apple, strawberry, and pomegranate top notes that evoke youthful vibrancy. While Cloud Pink shares a gourmand musk base, Thank U, Next 2.0 emphasizes sweet, fresh fruitiness that appeals to a lively, confident audience. Its long-lasting power makes it reliable for all-day wear, though some may find the sweetness a bit cloying, especially if they prefer more subtle scents. It’s an excellent choice for women who want a playful, energetic fragrance, but those seeking a more understated or floral profile might want to look elsewhere.
Pros:- Long-lasting and energetic fruity scent
- Sweet, gourmand profile that feels youthful
- Elegant floral notes add depth
Cons:- May be too sweet or cloying for some tastes
- Limited size options could restrict versatility
Best for: Young women or teens seeking a fun, fruity signature scent
Not ideal for: Perfume lovers who prefer complex, floral, or less sweet fragrances
- Size:1 Fl Oz
- Type:Eau de Parfum
- Brand:Ariana Grande
Our verdict“This perfume suits lively, youthful personalities craving a fun, fruity scent with strong staying power, but it might overwhelm those preferring subtlety.”
Ariana Grande Cloud Pink Eau de Parfum – Long Lasting Gourmand Musk Fragrance with Dragon Fruit, Vanilla Orchid, and Amber Woods
This scent offers a luxurious, long-lasting gourmand musk experience, with a blend of dragon fruit, vanilla orchid, and amber woods that create a warm, inviting aura. Compared to Thank U, Next 2.0, which is more fruit-driven and energetic, Cloud Pink leans toward sophistication and depth, making it ideal for daily wear or more polished occasions. Its extended longevity and elegant scent profile make it a reliable choice for women seeking a confident, sensual fragrance, although its sweetness might be too intense for hot days or those preferring understated scents. Overall, Cloud Pink provides a refined gourmand experience that balances warmth and sophistication but isn’t the best choice for lighter or more casual environments.
Pros:- Long-lasting and luxurious gourmand musk scent
- Elegant blend of dragon fruit, vanilla orchid, and amber woods
- Suitable for everyday confidence and sophistication
Cons:- Limited size options may restrict portability
- The sweetness could be overpowering in warm weather
Best for: Women wanting a long-lasting, confident scent for daily or evening wear
Not ideal for: Those who prefer subtle, minimalist fragrances or very hot climates
- Size:1.0 fl oz
- Fragrance Type:Eau de Parfum
- Collection:Cloud
- Gender:Women
Our verdict“Ideal for women who want a sophisticated, long-lasting fragrance with gourmand richness, but less suitable for casual or hot-day use.”
Ariana Grande God is a Woman Eau de Parfum – Fruity Musk Fragrance for Women
This fragrance emphasizes empowerment with a fruity musk character, featuring pear, orris, vanilla, and cedarwood. Unlike Cloud Pink, which leans more toward gourmand richness, God is a Woman focuses on evoking a natural, confident vibe with its fresh, fruit-inspired top notes and earthy base. The use of sustainable materials in the bottle adds a modern, eco-conscious edge. However, some may find that its scent does not last as long as other more potent perfumes, and its limited complexity might not satisfy those who prefer layered, intricate fragrances. It’s best suited for women who want a scent that feels empowering and environmentally friendly but may need reapplication for all-day wear.
Pros:- Elegant fruity musk scent that feels fresh and natural
- Inspired by themes of empowerment and strength
- Recyclable, sustainable bottle material
Cons:- May not last long on some skin types
- Limited scent notes for those who prefer complex fragrances
Best for: Women seeking a natural, empowering fragrance with eco-friendly packaging
Not ideal for: Perfume lovers who want long-lasting, heavily layered scents
- Top Notes:Ambrette, Juicy Pear
- Mid Notes:Orris, Turkish Rose Petals
- Base Notes:Madagascar Vanilla, Creamy Cedarwood
- Sustainable Base Material:60% plant-based
Our verdict“This perfume is perfect for eco-conscious women seeking a natural, empowering scent, but it might need reapplication for all-day confidence.”
Ariana Grande Ari Eau de Parfum – Long Lasting Fragrance with Pear, Raspberry, and Vanilla Orchid
This fragrance stands out for its playful, confident vibe, blending fruity and gourmand notes like pear, raspberry, and vanilla orchid to create a scent that feels both fresh and indulgent. Compared to Cloud, which leans more on warm, creamy elements, Ari offers a brighter, fruitier profile that encourages self-expression. Its long-lasting power makes it suitable for all-day wear, though the sweetness can be overwhelming for those who prefer subtler scents. This pick makes the most sense for someone who wants a versatile perfume that makes a statement without sacrificing longevity.
Pros:- Long-lasting scent that stays through the day
- Bright, fruity floral aroma that feels cheerful
- Encourages self-confidence and individuality
Cons:- May be too sweet and overpowering for some users
- Potentially too strong for casual or office settings
Best for: Young women seeking a playful, confidence-boosting everyday scent
Not ideal for: Those who dislike sweet, fruity fragrances or prefer more understated aromas for daily use
- Top Notes:Crispy Pear, Pink Grapefruit
- Mid Notes:Juicy Raspberry, Soft Muguet, Rose Buds
- Base Notes:Vanilla Orchid, Marshmallow, Creamy Musk, Blonde Woods
Our verdict“Ari Eau de Parfum is best for those who want a lively, confident fragrance that endures all day long.”
Ariana Grande R.E.M Eau de Parfum – Floral Musk Women’s Perfume – 3.4 Fl Oz
R.E.M offers a bold, long-lasting floral musk experience, with top notes of fig, pear blossom, and salted caramel that set it apart from lighter floral options like Moonlight. Its rich scent projection makes it ideal for evening wear or adventurous days, but may be too intense for sensitive noses or casual settings. The unique blend of floral and musk notes delivers a memorable impression, though the price point and limited scent longevity details could be a concern for some. This perfume is best suited for those who want a daring, statement fragrance that lasts.
Pros:- Impressive scent projection for lasting impact
- Distinctive combination of floral and musk notes
- Versatile for different occasions, especially evenings
Cons:- May feel too intense or overpowering for sensitive users
- Limited information on exact longevity and price
Best for: Women who enjoy complex, long-lasting fragrances with a daring edge
Not ideal for: Users seeking subtle or office-appropriate scents, or those sensitive to strong fragrances
- Volume:3.4 Fl Oz
- Top Notes:quince, fig, salted caramel, marshmallow
- Middle Notes:pear blossom, lavender blossom
- Base Notes:tonka bean, white musk, sandalwood
Our verdict“R.E.M is ideal for confident wearers looking for a memorable, bold scent with impressive staying power.”
Ariana Grande Cloud Eau de Parfum – Warm Gourmand Fragrance for Women
Cloud captivates with its warm, gourmand profile, combining lavender, coconut, and vanilla for a scent that feels both uplifting and sensual. Compared to Sweet Like Candy, which emphasizes playful sweetness, Cloud offers a more sophisticated, cozy feel that suits relaxed, positive moods. Its long-lasting nature and creamy dry down make it perfect for daily wear, but the sweetness might be overwhelming in hot weather or for those preferring fresh scents. This fragrance is best for anyone wanting a comforting, uplifting aroma that still turns heads.
Pros:- Delicious gourmand scent with a creamy, fruity profile
- Uplifting and positive, perfect for daily use
- Long-lasting with a musky, sensual dry down
Cons:- May be too sweet or heavy in hot weather
- Less suitable for formal or professional environments
Best for: Women seeking a warm, sensual scent for everyday positivity and comfort
Not ideal for: Those who prefer fresh, citrusy, or less sweet fragrances, or wear perfume mainly in summer heat
- Notes:Lavender, Pear, Bergamot, Coconut, Praline, Vanilla Orchid, Musk, Woods
- Application:Pulse points (wrist, chest, neck)
Our verdict“Cloud makes a cozy, uplifting choice for those who love gourmand scents with a sensual twist.”
Ariana Grande Moonlight Eau de Parfum – Floral Gourmand Fragrance for Women
Moonlight offers an elegant floral gourmand scent, with rich notes like black currant, plum, marshmallow, and peony. Its versatile profile makes it suitable for both special occasions and everyday wear, especially for those who enjoy a sweeter, more luxurious aroma. Compared to Sweet Like Candy, Moonlight presents a more mature and refined sweetness, but it can still be too sweet for those who prefer fresher or subtler fragrances. This perfume is ideal for confident women who want a long-lasting, sophisticated scent that makes an impression.
Pros:- Sophisticated, floral gourmand aroma
- Long-lasting and versatile for various occasions
- Embodies confidence and optimism
Cons:- May be too sweet for some preferences
- Limited details on size or concentration
Best for: Women who appreciate an elegant, sweet floral scent for evening outings or special occasions
Not ideal for: People seeking light, fresh, or unassuming fragrances for daytime or professional settings
- Top Notes:Black Currant, Plum
- Mid Notes:Marshmallow, Peony
- Base Notes:Sandalwood, Black Amber, Vanilla
Our verdict“Moonlight is perfect for those wanting a luxurious, confident scent with lasting power for evening wear.”
Ariana Grande Sweet Like Candy Eau De Parfum
Sweet Like Candy captures Ariana’s playful, seductive personality with its fruity and gourmand blend of blackberry, bergamot, and pear, layered with jasmine, honeysuckle, and cashmere woods. Compared with Cloud, which leans on warmth and creaminess, this perfume emphasizes a bright, youthful sweetness that’s especially appealing for casual or date-night wear. Its long-lasting scent makes a bold statement, but the overpowering sweetness might not suit those who prefer more subtle or fresh fragrances. This perfume makes the most sense for someone wanting a playful, seductive signature scent that endures.
Pros:- Sweet, fruity aroma with gourmand richness
- Playful and seductive personality in a bottle
- Long-lasting scent that leaves a mark
Cons:- May be too sweet or overpowering in hot weather
- Less suitable for formal or conservative environments
Best for: Young women seeking a fun, flirty fragrance perfect for evenings or casual outings
Not ideal for: Individuals who dislike overly sweet, fruity scents or need more professional-appropriate perfumes
- Top Notes:Blackberry, Bergamot, Pear
- Mid Notes:Jasmine Sambac, Frangipani, Honeysuckle
- Base Notes:Cassis, Marshmallow, Cashmere Woods, Vanilla
Our verdict“Sweet Like Candy is ideal for those who love a playful, long-lasting gourmand scent with a seductive edge.”

How We Picked
To determine the best Ariana Grande perfumes, I evaluated each scent based on key factors that influence buyer satisfaction. These included fragrance complexity, longevity, versatility, and value for money. I also considered user reviews and popularity to gauge real-world performance. The perfumes are ranked to highlight those that excel in multiple areas, but I also note tradeoffs like price or scent intensity to help buyers find a good fit for their preferences.| Ariana Grande perfume | Top Notes | Base Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ariana Grande Love Notes Pink | — | — |
| Ariana Grande MOD Vanilla Eau | — | — |
| Ariana Grande Thank U | — | — |
| Ariana Grande Cloud Pink Eau d | — | — |
| Ariana Grande God is a Woman E | Ambrette, Juicy Pear | Madagascar Vanilla, Creamy Cedarwood |
| Ariana Grande Ari Eau de Parfu | Crispy Pear, Pink Grapefruit | Vanilla Orchid, Marshmallow, Creamy Musk, Blonde Woods |
| Ariana Grande R.E.M Eau de Par | quince, fig, salted caramel, marshmallow | tonka bean, white musk, sandalwood |
| Ariana Grande Cloud Eau de Par | — | — |
| Ariana Grande Moonlight Eau de | Black Currant, Plum | Sandalwood, Black Amber, Vanilla |
| Ariana Grande Sweet Like Candy | Blackberry, Bergamot, Pear | Cassis, Marshmallow, Cashmere Woods, Vanilla |
Factors to Consider When Choosing Best Ariana Grande Perfumes
Selecting the best Ariana Grande perfume involves more than just liking the scent—consider how the fragrance performs over time, suits your lifestyle, and fits your budget. Here are key factors to keep in mind as you choose the right perfume for you.Scent Profile and Notes
Understanding the scent profile helps ensure the perfume aligns with your personal style. Some fragrances, like Cloud, feature warm, gourmand notes that are cozy and inviting, perfect for colder months or evening wear. Others, like Moonlight, emphasize floral and fruity accords, making them more suitable for daytime or springtime. Think about whether you prefer sweet, spicy, floral, or musk-based scents, and choose accordingly to match your mood and occasion.
Longevity and Sillage
Pay attention to how long a perfume lasts and how far its scent projects. Perfumes like Thank U, Next 2.0 are known for their impressive staying power, making them ideal for all-day wear without frequent reapplication. Conversely, lighter options might require more sprays to maintain presence but can be better for sensitive environments. Deciding your priority between longevity and subtlety will guide your choice and help avoid disappointment.
Price and Value
Perfumes in this lineup range from budget-friendly to premium-priced options, so consider your budget. While higher-priced fragrances like Cloud Pink often offer richer scent compositions, some more affordable picks, such as Sweet Like Candy, still deliver excellent scent quality for less. Balancing your expectations with your budget ensures a satisfying purchase without overspending on features you might not need.
Versatility and Occasion
Think about where you’ll wear the perfume most often. Some scents, especially those with gourmand or musky notes, are versatile enough for both day and night, while lighter floral fragrances may be better suited for casual or work environments. Choosing a fragrance that adapts to multiple settings can maximize your investment and simplify your routine.
Packaging and Ease of Use
Consider the bottle design and packaging, especially if you like to carry your perfume with you. Smaller, portable bottles like Thank U, Next 2.0 are convenient for touch-ups, whereas larger bottles tend to be more economical long-term. Additionally, look for easy-to-use spray mechanisms that allow for precise application, minimizing waste and making it easier to apply evenly.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which Ariana Grande perfume lasts the longest?
Thank U, Next 2.0 consistently receives praise for its longevity, often lasting through an entire day or evening with just a few sprays. Its balanced composition of floral and musky notes helps it cling to the skin, making it suitable for those who want a scent that doesn’t fade quickly. If long-lasting wear is your priority, this perfume is a strong choice, but keep in mind it might be more intense for sensitive noses.
Are Ariana Grande perfumes suitable for sensitive skin?
Many perfumes in this lineup contain synthetic fragrances and certain musk or musk-like notes, which could irritate sensitive skin. If you have sensitivities, it’s best to test a small amount first or opt for fragrances with natural or hypoallergenic ingredients. Sweet Like Candy generally has a lighter, softer composition and might be better tolerated, but individual reactions vary. Always check the ingredient list and consider a patch test before regular use.
Which perfume is best for everyday wear?
For daily use, versatility and subtlety matter most. Cloud offers a warm, sweet profile that transitions well from work to evening, while Ari provides a fresh, fruity scent that isn’t overpowering. These fragrances balance presence and wearability, making them suitable for most situations. Avoid overly complex or heavy scents if you prefer a perfume that won’t overwhelm your daily routine.
Should I choose a more affordable Ariana Grande perfume or invest in a premium one?
This depends on your priorities. More affordable options like Sweet Like Candy and Moonlight can deliver satisfying scents at a lower price point, especially if you prefer to switch fragrances often. Premium perfumes such as Cloud Pink often feature richer notes and longer-lasting formulas, making them better investments for those who want a signature scent or wear perfume daily. Consider your budget and how much value you place on scent complexity and durability.
Are these perfumes suitable for gifting?
Yes, most Ariana Grande perfumes come in attractive bottles and appealing scents that make good gifts. For special occasions, opt for larger or more luxurious bottles like Thank U, Next 2.0 or Cloud Pink, which feel more premium. If you’re looking for a budget-friendly option or a beginner-friendly scent, Sweet Like Candy offers a sweet, approachable fragrance that’s easy to gift without feeling too extravagant.
Conclusion
For those seeking a reliable, all-around fragrance, Cloud Eau de Parfum remains the best overall choice thanks to its warm, gourmand profile and excellent longevity. Budget-conscious buyers will appreciate Sweet Like Candy for its sweet, playful scent at a lower price. If you want a luxurious, long-lasting signature, Cloud Pink offers a premium experience, while beginners might prefer the light, approachable scent of Ari. Ultimately, your ideal perfume depends on your lifestyle, scent preferences, and how much you’re willing to invest—this lineup covers all those bases.









